In 2022, Orange County ranked sixth lowest per capita recipient of government transfers in Vermont, with residents receiving $12,483 per capita from programs such as Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and income maintenance, according to information from the Economic Innovation Group.
In total, residents in Orange County received $372.6 million in government transfers, which accounted for 22.3% of total county income.
Comparatively, across all counties in Vermont, government transfer payments totaled $8.2 billion, making up 20% of the state residents’ total income, with an average of $12,623 per resident.
Government transfer payments are non-repayable funds provided by federal, state, or local governments to support individuals in need. These payments aim to stabilize economic conditions and provide financial support during hardships. Key programs include Social Security transfers (retirement benefits), Medicare transfers (healthcare for seniors), Medicaid transfers (healthcare for low-income individuals), and income maintenance transfers (financial assistance for basic needs).
Breaking down the contributions in Orange County at the time, Social Security transfers totaled $140.6 million, amounting to $4,711 per capita, or 37.7% of total government transfers. Medicare transfers accounted for $103 million ($3,451 per capita), representing 27.7% of the total. Medicaid contributed $55.1 million ($1,845 per capita), making up 14.8% of total transfers. Income maintenance programs, including assistance such as SNAP or TANF, added another $33 million ($1,107 per capita), or 8.9% of the total.
With 23.6% of the population aged 65 and older, Orange County has a significant demand for programs like Social Security and Medicare. Total per capita income excluding government transfers in Orange County was $43,546, far below the county’s total income of $56,029, emphasizing the role of government transfers in overall income.
When comparing 2022 to the previous year, Orange County saw a decrease of 16.1% in per capita government transfers, from $14,984 to $12,483 per capita.
Government transfers have long been a modest financial safety net, historically comprising only a small fraction of Americans’ income. However, since the 1970s—sometimes dubbed the “Great Transfer-mation”—dependency has surged from 8.21% (or $2,022 per capita in inflation-adjusted 2022 dollars) in 1970 to 17.63% (or $11,542 per capita) in 2022. In Orange County, reliance on government transfers has similarly increased from 10.24% (or $2,045 per capita) in 1970 to 22.3% (or $12,483 per capita) in 2022, reflecting broader national trends.
According to the Economic Innovation Group’s analysis, these trends are not merely short-term responses to economic pressures but rather reflect a profound, long-term transformation in how government support is integrated into American life. The study illustrates that structural shifts—from rising healthcare expenses and demographic changes to stagnant wages—have significantly increased dependency on government transfers.
| County | State Rank (Per Capita Transfers) | Per Capita Transfers ($) | Dependency on Transfers (%) | % Population 65+ | Social Security Transfers ($) | Medicare Transfers ($) | Medicaid Transfers ($) | Income Maintenance Transfers ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rutland County | 1 | $19,084 | 32.57% | 24.66% | $336,315,000 | $194,213,000 | $457,282,000 | $84,620,000 |
| Orleans County | 2 | $15,888 | 29.86% | 23.65% | $135,879,000 | $99,361,000 | $116,082,000 | $46,414,000 |
| Essex County | 3 | $13,920 | 30.66% | 27.61% | $35,360,000 | $26,653,000 | $931,000 | $9,331,000 |
| Windsor County | 4 | $13,899 | 20.45% | 25.56% | $323,107,000 | $231,599,000 | $118,271,000 | $60,764,000 |
| Windham County | 5 | $13,833 | 24.3% | 25.28% | $235,748,000 | $148,846,000 | $141,886,000 | $56,141,000 |
| Washington County | 6 | $13,686 | 19.77% | 21.68% | $285,590,000 | $129,606,000 | $268,122,000 | $59,089,000 |
| Bennington County | 7 | $13,590 | 22.6% | 24.62% | $198,317,000 | $114,273,000 | $97,289,000 | $51,869,000 |
| Caledonia County | 8 | $13,499 | 26.73% | 22.94% | $147,261,000 | $109,537,000 | $74,049,000 | $42,958,000 |
| Orange County | 9 | $12,483 | 22.28% | 23.55% | $140,596,000 | $103,013,000 | $55,073,000 | $33,026,000 |
| Lamoille County | 10 | $11,153 | 17.42% | 18.84% | $105,885,000 | $60,356,000 | $66,578,000 | $28,047,000 |
| Addison County | 11 | $10,489 | 16.9% | 22.81% | $176,521,000 | $81,979,000 | $63,446,000 | $31,482,000 |
| Grand Isle County | 12 | $10,310 | 14.47% | 23.22% | $42,551,000 | $16,517,000 | $521,000 | $7,345,000 |
| Franklin County | 13 | $10,107 | 18% | 17.97% | $188,699,000 | $93,893,000 | $103,886,000 | $65,258,000 |
| Chittenden County | 14 | $9,808 | 13.9% | 16.9% | $654,792,000 | $291,610,000 | $403,906,000 | $137,221,000 |
